The first step is the saponification reaction. Vegetable oil or animal fat is mixed with an alkaline substance such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to form a saponified mixture. This process, called transesterification, involves heating and stirring the reaction.

The second step is to add additives. In the saponification mixture, different additives such as fragrances, colorings, humectants, etc. can be added to give the soap different flavours, colors and properties.

The third step is casting and shaping. When the saponified mixture reaches the proper consistency and consistency, the mixture is poured into soap-making molds. Molds of different shapes and sizes can be selected as needed. It is usually necessary to wait several hours or days for the soap to completely set and harden.

The fourth step is cutting and trimming. When the soap has set, it can be removed from the mold and cut and trimmed. This ensures that each bar of soap has a uniform shape and removes possible imperfections.

The fifth step is curing and drying. Cut-corrected soap needs to go through a process called aging. This process usually takes weeks or months, in which the water slowly evaporates, making the soap stronger, more durable, and capable of producing more lather.

Finally, the soap can be packaged and sold. At the final stage of making the soap, it is packaged, either in a carton, plastic wrap or other suitable packaging material. The purpose of packaging is to protect the soap while providing brand identity and product information.

The above is the basic soap making process. Of course, different preparation methods and recipes will vary, but in general, these steps form the basis of soap making. Soap plays an important role in our daily lives, helping us maintain cleanliness and hygiene.

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